Home:Personal:Aviation:Maneuvers

All of these maneuvers are basic and have to be completely memorized. The left column shows events to wait for. The next column over shows the indicated action to perform when that event occurs, and the right column shows consequences to expect as a result. Actions marked by an asterisk are redundant: they should already have been completed in a previous step.

⚠ The information on this Web site is intended as a study guide, and clearly not as a substitute for official sources.

Flow Check

Fuel selector: both
Flaps: up
Mixture: as required
Rich: before most maneuvers, below 3000 ft (MSL?)
Lean: before Steep Bank Turns, above 3000 ft (MSL?)
Throttle: cruise (2300 r/m)
Carb: cold
Beacon, Strobe, Landing: on
Circuit Breakers: check
Magnetos: both
Avionics: on
Master: on
Primer: in and locked

Pre-maneuver Check

Perform before each instance of a maneuver.

Altitude: select
Practical Test Standards call for 1500 ft AGL
Flow Check
Clearing turns: either of
one 180° turn
two opposing 90° turns
Trim: set
Select emergency landing area
Turn toward visual reference point
Announce heading, altitude, airspeed

Recovery

Recover from slow flight, stall, or aborted landing (“go-around”).

	Mixture: rich* Throttle: full Carb: cold Flaps: 20°	Pitch (forward, probably) so as to maintain a positive rate of climb
Airspeed V_X (60 kts)	Flaps: 10°	Pitch so as to maintain a positive rate of climb
Clear of obstacles	Flaps: 0°	Pitch for V_Y attitude
Airspeed V_Y (73 kts)
Climb to specified altitude	Cruise checklist

Slow Flight

Used to gain proficiency in handling the aircraft near stalling speed.

	Carb heat: on Mixture: full rich * Throttle: 1500 r/m	Anticipate pitch-down, maintain altitude
Airspeed ≤ 110 kts	Flaps: 10°	Anticipate pitch-up, maintain altitude
Airspeed in flap operating range (white arc)	Flaps: 20°, 30°, 40°	Anticipate pitch-up, maintain altitude
Stall warning horn	Power: add to maintain airspeed	Maintain altitude

Power-off Stall

Simulates a stall on landing and the required recovery.

	As Slow Flight	but after flaps 40° do not wait for stall warning horn, and get hand on throttle immediately in preparation
Airspeed at approach speed (65 kts)	Throttle: idle Carb: hot*	Maintain altitude, which will eventually require maximum back yoke; Do not apply ailerons: they are ineffective before the stall and dangerous during stall recovery; Keep pressure on both rudders and apply as necessary to maintain heading.
Full stall	Recovery procedure

Power-on Stall

Simulates a stall on take-off and the required recovery.

	Throttle: 1500 r/m Carb: hot	Hand on throttle immediately in preparation. Simulating take-off, so no flaps on this one!
Airspeed: V_R (55 kts)	Get into ‘take-off configuration’ and simultaneously induce the stall: Throttle: full Carb: cold Pitch: up, brisk and steep	Anticipate lots of right rudder to maintain heading, using the side windows and peripheral vision.
Full stall	Recovery procedure

Steep Bank Turn

Proficiency in compensating for reduced lift and flying with increased load factor.

	Add power for, but do not exceed, V_A (97 kts at maximum gross weight)
About 5 kts below V_A (> 70 kts)	Bank: Gradual but assertive, to but not exceeding 45°	At around 30° of bank vertical airspeed would definitely become negative, so anticipate and pitch up to compensate. Maintain altitude and constant bank angle.
Visual reference point within 22 ¹/₂ lateral	Bank: Gentle but assertive, roll out to level	Under around 30° of bank vertical airpseed would definitely become positive, so anticipate and pitch down to compensate. Maintain altitude, and roll out at initial heading.